First 20 years of the new century, reform of the major tasks of economic construction and

 First 20 years of the new century, reform of the major tasks of economic construction and
Comrade Jiang Zemin put forward the Party Congress report: building a moderately prosperous society, the most fundamental is to adhere to economic construction, continue to emancipate and develop productive forces. The century and the first two decades of economic construction and reform of the main tasks is to improve the socialist market economic system, promote strategic adjustment of economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energetically apply IT, accelerate modernization, maintain sustained, rapid and healthy development, and continuously improve people's living standards. To this end, the report noted the importance of grasping the overall situation of the eight aspects of the task: take a new road to industrialization and Implementing the Strategy and sustainable development strategies; the rural economy flourish and speed up the urbanization process; actively promote western development, and promote coordinated regional economic development; uphold and improve the basic economic system and deepen the state-owned assets management system; Improve the modern market system and tighten and improve macroeconomic control; deepening reform of distribution system, improve the social security system; adhere to the practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.
one, from the world development trends and the height of China's modernization construction as a whole made the task
(a) a historical perspective in the forefront of the times make the new century's economic construction and reform The main tasks.
Congress report with a broad world vision and strategic thinking, comprehensive analysis of the profound changes taking place in the international political and economic situation, in-depth study and grasp the pattern of world development, the general trend.
1 Although the international situation is undergoing profound changes, but peace and development remain the themes of the times. a new world war in the foreseeable period of time be unlikely, for a long period of peaceful international environment and good surrounding environment can be achieved. world multi-polarization and economic globalization development, to world peace and development has brought opportunities and favorable conditions.
〔〕 multi-level data in the twists and turns
of the current power situation of power and the interaction between Strategic changes in the pattern of the world had a complex impact. U.S. global strategy to implement the ultimate objective is to establish a unipolar world dominated by its order. the Bush administration to adjust its national security strategy, the United States to seek absolute security and absolute military superiority, the introduction of expanded. The United States also used the war on terrorism expanded in some areas and spheres of influence the geopolitical map. the sole super power the United States to enhance and strengthen the global strategic offensive will undoubtedly give rise to new multi-polar world the impact of the process and obstacles. On the other hand, the power to promote a multipolar world is developing, in particular, relations among major powers increasingly interactive and power toward the reorganization of state attempts to contain the U.S. unipolar hegemony and promote world multi-polarization direction. Russia strategic partnership of cooperation to deepen and enrich. EU and Russia, increasingly close relations and deepening the U.S. is increasing centrifugal tendencies. this new trend of restructuring of big powers is conducive to maintaining global strategic balance of power and stability, promoting multi-polarization process, the main factors.
Meanwhile, American power and influence should be an appropriate estimate. Economically, there are three centers in the world today, namely U.S., EU and East Asia is not a U.S. center. in the military, can not be generally said that the United States dominant, still remained the world's strategic balance of forces. because only Russia has roughly equal with the United States strategic nuclear forces, even under the new Russian-US Agreement on the reduction of strategic nuclear forces, 2012, both sides will maintain 1700m2200 strategic warheads. Russia and the U.S. will be able to destroy each other many times to retain the long-term strategic nuclear strike capability, the two sides The joint efforts of relevant United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1441 on Iraq does not include authorized U.S. military action against Iraq the content automatically, so that the United States launched the Iraq war over whether the issue had scruples. America can not do whatever they want, but can not dominate the fate of the world, twists and turns of multi-polarization trend is still moving forward.
2, international economic cooperation and competition is at an unprecedented breadth and depth of the rapid development pace of global industrial restructuring, increasingly fierce competition in comprehensive national strength.
data〕 〔characteristics of the world economic situation
1. slow recovery of world economy. global annual economic growth rate of about 2.8%, growth performance was greater than those in developed countries. It is estimated that GDP will grow 2.5% in the U.S., the EU will grow by 0.9%, Japan fell 0.5%. Asian region is expected to reach 6% economic growth rate in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and Africa to become the 2002 national the highlight of world economic growth, but some of the emerging industrial economies in Latin America such as Argentina and Brazil into the economic and financial crisis, the annual economic decline.
2002 highlighted the world economy is a negative factor to a larger stock and currency markets are volatile, and oil prices. impoverishment of the least developed countries and Western countries increased trade protectionism is a strong world economy cast a shadow.
2. impeded the process of economic globalization. mainly for global trade and foreign direct investment declined. world merchandise trade declined by 4% in 2001, based on the first half of 2002 and down 4% year on year, the annual global foreign direct investment is estimated that only 534 billion U.S. dollars, decreased by 27% over 2001. This is economic globalization resulted in the development of a serious negative impact.
3. the United States and the European Union is the world's economic engine and stabilizer. U.S. economy accounts for about 30% of the world, is the world's largest commodity markets, coupled with dollar the world's financial supremacy, the United States will within a very long time to play a decisive impact the world economy is the locomotive driving world economic growth. But there is a big U.S. economy unstable and uncertain factors, ups and downs from time to time, but also to the larger world economy, the instability and uncertainty. EU economies of scale comparable with the United States, although not as good as the U.S. economic growth and vitality, but the growth is relatively stable, steady growth of the world economy plays an important role. In particular, Euro 2002 schedule into circulation, smooth, smooth, and promote the diversification of the international financial market, a country important to avoid relying on financial risk, will become the 21st century, the international monetary system and the world economic balance and stability factors.
4. exacerbate unbalanced development in developing countries. Over the years, developing countries in general, sustained economic growth than developed countries. developing countries is a historical trend of economic recovery, but a serious imbalance in its economic development. If some of East Asia level in the economy of developing countries have been or are about to enter the ranks of more developed countries, while some of the least developed countries are deepening poverty. except for this situation because of irrational international economic order, but also because of some developing countries has so far not found a development path suitable to its national conditions, and is always in some countries social and political instability. In addition, the speed of economic growth in developing countries although the advantage, but the growth disadvantage on the content of the expansion. Developing countries in economic size but also the quality of the catch-up countries in the economy, is a long and arduous task.
5. regional integration to promote the rapid integration of the EU In 2002 a major breakthrough. EU single currency the euro into circulation, and to determine the timetable for the admission of new members, namely, in accession of 10 Central and Eastern European countries will become EU members in 2004. This will greatly change the political map of Europe, and a significant impact on the world situation. North American Free Trade Area around the end of 2002 will be expanded to South America, Chile, opened a new chapter in American economic integration. East Asian economic cooperation has entered a new stage of development, China and ASEAN reached a 10-year agreement establishing a free trade zone, signs the substantial progress of economic integration in East Asia. the three pillars of the United States, Europe and Asia more uncertain world economy.
3, with information technology as the main representative of the rapid development of scientific and technological revolution, the development of human society, the great push to bring new , technological progress and innovation is increasingly becoming the decisive factor in economic and social development.
these even as we face many challenges, but also bring us great new opportunities for development. Therefore, the first 20 years of the 21st century for our country , it must seize tightly and accomplish a great deal of important strategic opportunities.
〔Reference〕 international situation and the adjustment of the U.S. National Security Strategy
2002, the relations among major powers continue to adjust the interaction, this region is still hot from the underlying He , the world economy continues to trend volatility. the development of complex and volatile international situation, completely changed. the international situation has three constant: First, the era of peace and development as the theme has not changed; second multi-polar world, the development trend of globalization, not changed; Third, we face an international environment is still more opportunities than challenges . However, the international balance of power further, the traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and the world is far from tranquil.
adjustment of U.S. foreign strategy of the ups and downs affect the relations among major powers, a feature of the situation in 2002, .2002 In September, the Bush administration announced a new Conventional or traditional threats. to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction was established as the primary task of U.S. national security, claiming that if necessary, to hesitate, dissemination of American values. into the 21st century, the United States is still the basic strategic goal is to ensure that the world pattern in the inevitably be a number of internal and external factors.
U.S. Global Strategy, is bound to cause complex changes in relations among major powers. chessboard of global strategy in the United States, the United States long-term response to terrorism as a major threat, including the current on China, Russia and the major powers, including increased demand, they have stepped up cooperation in face. stability and prosperity of an important part of the strategy, relations. ) ideological factors in the impact of U.S. policy toward China is still apparent. China to adopt a ; Second, human rights issues; Third is the United States expect China to adhere to the non-proliferation commitments. But the report also stressed that efforts to narrow differences, not to differences hinder cooperation. In the We do not , may be parity with the U.S. global rivals, China and Russia have such potential. > In short, the dichotomy observed the development of the international situation century opportunities and challenges for me is the same in the United States policy toward China and Sino-US relations is still the basic trends of cooperation and conflict co-exist. the party's 16th largest report: New century, the first two decades of China's development Top Priority environment.
(b) a new stage of modernization of the objective requirements of economic and social development, economic construction and reform is to propose the main task of the footing.
〔Reference〕
estimates of the State Council Development Research Center, in the the first 20 years of the 21st century, China's economy may still be at a higher rate. If GDP to maintain growth of around 7%, then ranked seventh in the world in 1997 China, 2020, GDP of volume level will be living in third in the world, or more than Japan, second in the world after the U.S. door.
According to the World Bank about 700 U.S. dollars, by 2020, China's per capita GDP could reach at 5,000 U.S. dollars at current prices, the level of the 1997 world average. This year, at this level of countries, Chile ($ 5,020) Czech Republic ($ 5,200), Malaysia ($ 4,680), Brazil ($ 4,720) and other countries.
of China's economic and social development trends in international comparison, by 2010, China will still be in the ranks of lower-middle-income countries, ranking will move forward only increase, approximately under the middle-income countries can achieve the average level or high level, then China will enter a well-off society. to 2020 or 2030, China is expected across the lower-middle income countries, among the middle income countries in the world, then China will build a well-off type.
more than that if we can grasp the next 20 years the development of strategic opportunities, accomplish the new Step goal, we can achieve to the 100th anniversary of the founding of the third strategic objective to lay a good foundation.
first after 20 years of reform and opening up and economic construction, we have successfully achieved the first and second modernization step strategic goal, the people have reached a comfortable level, enter the building a moderately prosperous society and accelerating socialist modernization phase, began to struggle to achieve the third strategic objective. Compared with the previous two strategic objectives, achieving the first three-step strategic goal of longer, more arduous task.
Second, the level of productivity on a big stage, overall national strength significantly increased, the market has undergone major changes in supply and demand, production, economic construction and people's requirements for economic growth has gradually shifted from the increase in the amount of pay more attention to quality improvement.
Third, industrialization has made great achievements, but not yet completed the task of industrialization, and now face the arduous task of advancing information technology. deal with the relationship between information technology and industrialization and implementation of information technology and industrialization of the mutual integration, mutual promotion and economic and social development in the future a major issue.
Fourth, the institutional environment for economic development in China has undergone major changes, the initial establishment of the socialist market economic system, but not perfect, there are a lot of restricting economic development of the institutional barriers, improve the socialist market economic system, the task remains daunting.
Fifth, foreign economic relations have undergone significant changes, entry into the WTO indicates that China has entered a new stage of opening up We will be in a more open environment, to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition.
(c) and long-term China is in the primary stage of socialism is to propose the basic conditions of economic construction and reform, the fundamental basis for the main task .
we are to achieve well-off or low level, incomplete and unbalanced development, the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production is still the contradiction between the principal contradiction in our society. China productivity and technology, education are still relatively backward, to achieve industrialization and modernization is still a long way to go; urban-rural dual economic structure has not changed, the trend of widening gap between regions has not yet reversed, but also a large number of poor people; population continues increase in the proportion of aging population increase, employment and social security pressures; ecological environment, natural resources and economic and social development have become increasingly conspicuous; we are still faced with the developed countries in science and technology with the superiority of economic pressure; economic system and other aspects management system is not perfect; democratic and legal construction and ideological and moral construction and so there are still some problems can not be ignored. to consolidate and uplift our current well-off level, but also the need for a long period of hard work. the situation is compelling, behind. We must keep a clear mind and a high degree of political sensitivity, firmly seize the important strategic opportunities, a full estimate of economic globalization and the future development of science and technology a tremendous impact on human society, a sense of urgency and sense of urgency, the current trends, Technology aimed at the advanced level of the world economy, in close connection with China's reality, seize opportunities, speed up development, and vigorously promoting the socialist modernization drive, the middle of this century to lay a solid foundation for achieving modernization.
II, and comprehensively promote economic development and economic Congress report
proposed system, the first 20 years of this century, economic development and reform, the main task is to perfect the socialist market economy, promote strategic adjustment of economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energetically apply IT, accelerate the construction of modernization, maintain a sustained, rapid and healthy development and improve people's living standards. can be said that several tasks to seize the new century and new stage of comprehensive key to the modernization drive.
(a) maintain sustained, rapid and healthy development is the goal of the comprehensive construction of the basic guarantee for well-off society.
20 years of reform and opening up, China has maintained an average annual economic growth rate of more than 9%, which is China's comprehensive national strength, economic strength, greatly enhanced the importance of national cohesion conditions. China is a developing country, in the new century, we can not maintain a rapid growth rate is related to the ability to seize opportunities, narrowing the gap with the developed countries to achieve modernization goals. the next 20 years, China the total population will continue to grow, and deepen the reform and economic restructuring in the crucial period of employment is very conspicuous contradictions. solve the employment and other economic and social life of the various contradictions and problems, we need to maintain a rapid growth rate. to maintain rapid growth rate, but also building a moderately prosperous society in an. from the current economic fundamentals, market potential and institutional environment, we are perfectly placed to achieve rapid growth. Although the large base of GDP now, and maintain a more increases the difficulty of rapid growth, but as long as we are indeed made in the effectiveness of structural adjustment, a breakthrough in the reform, economic growth potential will be further play and continue to maintain an average annual growth rate of over 7% is possible . We must firmly grasp the most important task of this ruling, persist in taking economic construction as the center, break through all hinder the development of ideas, all bound to change development practices and regulations, get rid of all system defects that affect development, doing everything possible to accelerate the development of . Of course, we speak of development, must be cost-effective, quality development is sustainable development.
(b) vigorously promote the strategic adjustment of economic structure, is to maintain sustained, rapid and healthy development of the important link.
into the new century, speed up economic development focus to high, the development must have new ideas. new ideas is the core of the strategic adjustment of economic structure, relying on structural adjustment to promote development, to accelerate the development of structure in the adjustment. Our past development largely depend on the expansion of the shortfall in the amount of contradiction. With economic development and opening of the expansion of irrational economic structure becomes increasingly obvious, the outstanding problems in economic life and structure of almost all unreasonable about. For example, GDP per capita level in the case of low excess phenomenon appeared, it is supply structure to the structure of demand and regional economic structure, a reflection of irrational economic structure, urban and rural areas; long plagued our the For the irrational structure; employment contradictions, an important reason why the employment capacity of the tertiary industry lags behind. In short, our economy has reached the stage of development of structural adjustment, not adjusted to not continue to move forward, not adjusted for the healthy development can not be .
We must embark on a restructuring to address these deep-seated contradictions in the road. A through development and structural adjustment, promote industrial upgrading, the formation of high-tech industries as the leader, basic industries and manufacturing support services comprehensive development of the new industrial structure. Second, through urban and rural economic development and improve the level of urbanization, urban-rural structure adjustment, strengthen the agricultural foundation, the development of agricultural industrialization, restructuring agriculture and rural economic structure, so that the gradually resolved. Third, we need to accelerate the development of modern service industry, transform upgrade traditional services, to improve the tertiary industry in the national economy. This is to expand employment and speed up urbanization, improving people's quality of life and the overall efficiency of the national economy has a significant role. Fourth, through the promotion of western development, accelerate economic development in central and western regions and promoting economic exchanges and cooperation in three regions to optimize the regional economic structure. but also to support the old industrial bases in accelerating their adjustments and transformation and support cities based on resource exploitation and regions to develop alternative industries to support old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas to accelerate development and promote coordinated regional economic development.
(c) basically accomplish industrialization, modernization process in China can not be avoided arduous historical task.
industrialization The task is set up near the first of a new China during the past five-year plan. After nearly half a century of struggle, we have built a separate, more complete, and some reached the level of modernization of the industrial and economic system. But China's industrialization task is not complete. basically the main task of industrialization is to 2020 gross domestic product in 2000 quadruple the per capita gross domestic product, a significant increase in the level of urbanization was significantly improved, in agriculture significantly reduced the proportion of the labor force, industrial technology and the service industry increased greatly. from the per capita GDP of view, in accordance with the 20-year average annual GDP growth of 7.2% of the natural population growth rate to maintain the current level, 2020 China's per capita GDP reached 3,000 U.S. dollars to more than middle-income countries was roughly equivalent to the average level. From the level of urbanization, the international experience shows that the middle stage of industrialization, urbanization level is to improve the fastest time. the future of China into the acceleration phase of industrialization, urbanization rate increased by 1 percentage point per year to more than 50% urbanization rate in 2020 is achievable. from the proportion of agricultural employees to see, along with economic development and the acceleration of urbanization, 2020 This proportion can be reduced to 50% in 2000 to 30%.
take what road to industrialization, is a major issue we face. developed through the traditional path of industrialization, and although the development of social productive forces was a great , but also paid the excessive consumption of resources and environmental and ecological costs of large-scale destruction. Over the past few decades, though we have been exploring the road of industrialization in line with China's national conditions, but also accumulated rich experience, but due to historical conditions economic and technological development level and economic system and other restrictions, promote industrialization, to maintain rapid economic development, still with the protection of resources, environment, ecology between the more acute contradictions. information not only to expand and enrich the connotation of industrialization, and for us to solve the contradiction between the process of industrialization, speed up the industrialization process provides a rare historical opportunity. We need to combine information technology and industrialization, using information to promote industrialization, promotion of information technology, out of a high technological content, good economic returns , low resource consumption, little environmental pollution and human resource advantages into full play of the new trail to industrialization.
in promoting the industrialization process, from the national conditions, weaknesses, while avoiding disadvantages, handle some relation. First, the development of high technology industries and traditional industries. China has a large traditional industries, a considerable part of the 20th century, with the late 80s, early 90s level. We should actively develop high-tech industries, to increase the reorganization and transformation of traditional industries, so that traditional industries and to improve the level of play a greater role. Second, to handle labor-intensive capital-and technology-intensive industries and industries. not only to develop capital-and technology-intensive industries, and upgrading the industrial structure, but also their comparative advantages, actively develop labor intensive industries. The third is to handle the virtual economy and real economy. the virtual economy is to a certain level of economic development entities, the product development of the virtual economy to promote the real economy to service and prevent over-development from the real economy, virtual economy.
proved to promote information technology, not only can promote a large number of fast growth, the market good prospects for a major leading role in the entire national economy of high-tech industries, nurturing new economic growth point of many, but also through the extensive application of information technology, transform and upgrade traditional industries, and improve resource utilization, reduce costs, enhance product competitiveness. The rapid rise of information services, but also promote the great development of tertiary industry. vigorously promote information technology, will significantly improve the level of the overall development of the national economy, accelerate the pace of social progress. We want to deepen their understanding, tight grip on the development of information technology this golden opportunity to promote national economic and social information in an important position, efforts to achieve technology and productivity by leaps and bounds. One is to actively promote information technology in national economic and social applications in various fields, implementation of a number of major information technology projects. around the restructuring, the use of information technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries, using information technology to stimulate industrialization. to actively create conditions for the government, finance, taxation, trade and other fields of information technology. the development of network information and the Specialty Information Service. Second, strengthen the infrastructure of modern information. to develop high-speed information network, build a reasonable structure, high-speed broadband, and the future of the national information network. a positive development and use of advanced technology, the formation of a new generation of high-speed transmission network, improve network performance and reliability of transmission. to strengthen the network and information security system. for telecommunications, television, computer triple play. The third is to accelerate the development of electronic information product manufacturing sector. actively develop the core technology to enhance computer and network products, communication and digital audio-visual products and the manufacture of new components and other products and narrow the gap with the international advanced level. focus on promoting large scale integrated circuits, high-performance computers, large-scale system software, high-speed network system, a new generation of mobile communications equipment and digital TV system and other core information technology industry. Fourth, accelerate the development of information resources, integration and utilization of information resources behind efforts to change the situation.
(e) accelerate modernization, is directly with the third strategic goal to modernize contact task.
modernization is a historical concept of development. from the general situation of contemporary developed countries, the main feature of the modern gross domestic product per capita, labor productivity, level of urbanization and education are all very high. we are to achieve modernization, including the construction of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization. For material civilization is concerned, mainly refers to economic modernization. basically achieve modernization, need to work for several years, gradually phases. In the first of this century 20 years of building a moderately prosperous society is necessary to achieve the third strategic goal of modernization through the nexus of development. So, basically accomplish industrialization, energetically apply IT, accelerate modernization is. Of course, promote strategic adjustment of economic structure, maintain sustained, rapid and healthy development, but also accelerate modernization of the important content and the necessary conditions.
(f) improve the socialist market economic system is further emancipate and develop social productive forces, the objective requirements.
development must rely on reform This is the basic building socialism with Chinese characteristics and experience. reform and the deepening of the past 20 years, a strong driving force for economic development. But it must be noted that many aspects of reform have yet to be deepening, restricting economic development of the institutional barriers still exist, further task of the liberation of productive forces remains heavy, improve the socialist market economic system needs to be hard work. First, adjust and improve the ownership structure of the task is not yet complete, state-owned enterprises and state-owned assets management system should be further deepened. Second, the market system is not perfect, the phenomenon of market segmentation is still very serious, slow development of production factors market, elements of market-based pricing mechanism has not been fully established. Third, the income distribution relationship has not been straightened out, the social security system is not perfect. s Fourth, transformation of government functions is not in place, regardless of political affairs, witch hunt still exists, relatively weak public management functions. to solve the above problems, we must improve the socialist market economic system as the goal, to achieve new breakthroughs in reform, and significant progress, eliminate the institutional obstacles to the development of productivity constraints.
(vii) improve people's living standards is economic development fundamental starting point and destination.
a prominent feature of Congress report, is to improve people living standards as one of the main tasks of economic development. particularly concerned about the people in general, relations between the vital interests of broad masses of the major issues, such as the social security system, employment and reemployment issues, the poor out of poverty issues, given the high priority . round the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, not only to further develop the economy, based on the people to lead more affluent lives, but also to a more perfect socialist democracy and legal system, based on people's political, economic and cultural rights and interests ...